The Federal Firearms License (FFL) allows individuals to engage in business related to the manufacture of ammunition or firearms or the interstate or intrastate sale of firearms. Holding an FFL to pursue these activities has been a legal requirement in the United States since 1968, with the passage of the Gun Control Act. Prior to the 1968 Gun Control Act, the Federal Firearms Act of 1938 required manufacturers and sellers of firearms or ammunition engaged in selling or buying ammunition or firearms as part of interstate or foreign commerce to have a license. So, the federal system originated in 1938, but our current system has been in place since 1968. It is administered by the U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF), which is housed within the U.S. Department of Justice. There are eight different types of Federal Firearms Licenses, though their actual numbers extend from 1–11. All types allow individuals to pursue a range of ammunition and firearms-related manufacturing and selling activities, and deal with a range of specific products. For example, a Type 1 FFL is for gun dealers or gunsmiths “not dealing in destructive devices.” The federal government has grouped certain products, such as firearms that require explosives, including cannons and artillery equipment, as well as armor-piercing bullets into a class requiring particular types of FFLs—Types 9–11 to be exact. The types in between are for pawnbrokers, curio and relic dealers, and manufacturers, dealers, and importers. How to Get an FFL License?The application for the FFL is extensive. There are three documents that must be completed—the Application for Federal Firearms License, a Certification of Compliance, and a Fingerprint Card. The Application for Federal Firearms License is 18 pages long, but is split into four separate copies, including two for the ATF, one for the Chief Law Enforcement Officer (CLEO) in your community, and one to be retained by the applicant. (The ATF does notify state and local law authorities of FFL applicants within their jurisdiction through the application document.) All four copies must be completed by the applicant. The forms ask for contact information, business details, answers to a variety of questions, and signatures to verify certain information. Each form also requires applicants to attach a headshot photograph (2″ x 2″). If an applicant is seeking licensing for a business, the application must list all owners, co-owners, partners, and other “responsible persons” involved with the business. The last two documents are shorter, but still complex. The Certification of Compliance is one page, and asks applicants to verify U.S. citizenship status, and certify that their application is accurate to the best of their knowledge. The Fingerprint Card is two pages, and was developed by the FBI. It asks for fingerprints of all ten fingers, along with height, weight, eye and hair color, sex, race, and place of birth. Once the application is submitted and received by the ATF, the ATF is mandated under the Gun Control Act of 1968 to act upon it within 60 days. Officials at the ATF’s Federal Firearms Licensing Center (FFLC), in Martinsburg, West Virginia, will review all three documents included in the application, and conduct electronic background checks on all of the individuals listed on the main application. The written application may be followed by a phone call from an ATF agent to the applicant. In all cases, the written application is forwarded to the applicant’s closest ATF office, and an in-person interview is scheduled by an Industry Operations Investigator (IOI). The IOI will discuss all federal and state licensing requirements with the applicant. Following the interview, the IOI will prepare a report recommending the ATF issue a license or deny the application. If the application is approved, the FFLC will complete processing of the application and issue the applicant a license. All of this happens within 60 days of the ATF’s receipt of the initial application. Applicants for FFLs must be at least 21 years of age and otherwise not prohibited from owning or handling ammunition or firearms. Application fees range from $30 to $3,000, depending on the type of license sought, and all licenses are valid for three years. The Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act of 1993 effectively changed the licensing system in that it raised application fees and extended the license period. For example, the Brady legislation raised the cost of a dealer license from $10 per year to $200 for every three years. Everyone who holds an FFL is also required to follow all firearms licensing laws in their resident states. In addition, all FFL holders are required to keep meticulous inventory and sales records, including using ATF-approved inventory software. Holders are required to maintain records for at least 20 years from the date of generation. If a licensed manufacturer or dealer goes out of business or closes shop, their records are to be shipped to the ATF’s Out-of-Business Records Center for filing. Finally, licensed holders may be asked to supply transaction records to law enforcement officers as requested for investigations. You know you want an FFL, but you’re not sure how to get one. Follow these four steps and you’ll be up and running in no time. Step 1 – Ensure You Meet FFL RequirementsIf you can possess a firearm and are at least 21 years old, then you can get an FFL. The requirements for getting an FFL are that easy. The ATF, and possibly your state, have minimum requirements that you and your business (if applicable) must meet before you’ll get your license to be a licensed firearms dealer or manufacturer. There are certain classes of people who can’t possess firearms or ammunition, and therefore can’t get an FFL. These people are considered “prohibited persons” by the ATF and they include anyone who: Step 2 – Choose Your FFL License TypeThe type of FFL you get depends on what you intend to do with it. If you want to deal in firearms and/or be a gunsmith, then you’ll only need a Type 1 FFL. If you want to manufacture firearms, then you’ll need a Type 7 FFL. It’s important to note that a Type 7 Federal Firearms License also lets you be a firearms dealer – therefore, if you want to manufacture and sell firearms, a Type 7 FFL covers both! The Type 1 FFL is, by far, the most popular followed by the Type 7 FFL. Here’s a breakdown of the number of each type of FFL from the ATF for 2016: Step 3 – Take an Online FFL License CourseThe actual process of getting your FFL License can be difficult. However, thanks to online FFL certification courses, it’s never been easier. However, it’s incredibly important that you take the right one. When choosing an FFL License course, you should look to make sure that you are getting: Step 4 – Apply for Federal Firearm LicenseUpon ensuring you meet the requirements for an FFL, have chosen the right type of FFL, and taken your course, you’re finally ready to apply for your Federal Firearm License. Now, the steps to this can be very difficult and may require multiple forms and extra steps depending on your location. The LicenseThe FFL is one page, often watermarked with the ATF official seal. The most prominent pieces of information on the page include the license number, expiration date, and type of license. Less prominent are other elements on the document, including licensee contact information and ATF contact information. There are also details about what the license, based on the type, allows the licensee to do. Finally, the license is signed by the licensee. Interviewing for and Receiving Your LicenseWait for your background check to clear. After receiving your application, the Federal Firearms License Center (FFLC) will record the information in it and check it for correctness. They will run a background check on every responsible person listed in the application. When the background check clears, your application goes to your local ATF field office. First review and background checkOnce the application fee is processed, the Federal Firearms Licensing Center (FFLC) will enter your application information into its database and commence a full review of your application. For all license types, except type 03, required supporting materials, including fingerprint card(s) and photograph(s) will also be reviewed. As required by law, the FFLC will then conduct an electronic background check on all the Responsible Persons you have identified on your application. ATF defines a Responsible Person (RP) as a sole proprietor, partner, or anyone having the power to direct the management, policies, and practices of the business or activity as it pertains to firearms. In a corporation this includes corporate officers, shareholders, board members, or any other employee with the legal authority described above. All responsible persons must complete their own Part B – Responsible Person Questionnaire of the ATF Form 7/7CR. For all license types, except type 03 (onsite inspections are not required for Collector of Curio and Relics FFLs), the FFLC will then send the applications to the nearest ATF field office having responsibility for the area in which the business is located. Interview and final reviewThe field office supervisor will issue an assignment to an Industry Operations Investigator (IOI) who will conduct an in-person interview with you. The IOI will discuss federal, state and local requirements with you, and go over your application with you to ensure the information is correct and current. The IOI will then prepare a report of his/her interview, the inspection and make a recommendation to either issue you the license or deny the application. Some reasons for denial may include failure to comply with State or local law (such as zoning ordinances), evidence of previous willful violations of the Gun Control Act, or falsification of the application. The field office supervisor will also review the report and then submit his/her recommendation to the FFLC. Assuming that all background checks have been completed and your business address and proposed business operations are in compliance with state and local law, the FFLC will complete the application processing and issue you the license. This process will take approximately 60 days from the receipt of a properly completed application. Applications, Licenses, and the Freedom of Information ActBecause these licenses are federal documents, their applications may be publicly requested under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA). To do this, the requester makes an FOIA Request. That is simply a written request in which the requestor describes the information wanted, and the format he or she wants it in, in as much detail as possible. Additionally, the ATF maintains a state-by-state listing on its Web site of all FFL holders. As of August 2013, there were 138,186 FFL holders across all states. Within the state-by-state listings, one can see license holders, contact information, and what type of federal license they hold. International Commerce The federal system outlined here generally applies to domestic commerce and manufacturers and sellers of ammunition and firearms. International matters of the same kind are governed by the International Traffic in Arms Regulation (ITAR). These rules are administered by the U.S. Department of State’s Directorate of Defense Trade Controls. Anyone wishing to pursue international commerce must first obtain an FFL, then submit a separate application to the Directorate, and pay an additional application fee ($2,250 in 2013). Free Initial Consultation with LawyerIt’s not a matter of if, it’s a matter of when. Legal problems come to everyone. Whether it’s your son who gets in a car wreck, your uncle who loses his job and needs to file for bankruptcy, your sister’s brother who’s getting divorced, or a grandparent that passes away without a will -all of us have legal issues and questions that arise. So when you have a law question, call Ascent Law for your free consultation (801) 676-5506. We want to help you!
Ascent Law LLC
8833 S. Redwood Road, Suite C West Jordan, Utah 84088 United States Telephone: (801) 676-5506
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Do Executors Have To Give An Accounting To Beneficiaries? What Is A Prospectus And An Offering Memorandum? Silvent Initial Public Offering Ascent Law St. George Utah OfficeAscent Law Ogden Utah Officevia Michael Anderson https://www.ascentlawfirm.com/procedure-for-obtaining-federal-firearms-license/
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Many personal injury cases resolve without requiring a lawsuit. In an ideal world, an injured person would simply submit a claim to the insurance company and then be able to negotiate a fair value to resolve the claim. Unfortunately, this is not always possible. Often insurance companies deny responsibility or make offers that are far less than what claims are worth. As a result, an injured person may need to file a lawsuit to obtain the compensation they deserve. Filing suit is done by filing a document called a Complaint with the Court stating how the incident occurred and setting forth the claims. This document is then served upon the defendant(s) to begin litigation. The defendant’s liability insurance company will hire an attorney to respond to the Complaint with a document called an Answer. Sometimes you might hear people discuss the “parties” to a lawsuit. The parties to the suit are the “plaintiff” and the “defendant.” The injured claimant is the plaintiff. The individuals or entities who have been sued are the defendant(s). It is important to remember that filing a lawsuit does not guarantee that there will be a trial. The plaintiff always has the option of negotiating a reasonable settlement during the course of litigation. Often, the litigation process will position a case for a better settlement result without the need for trial. Insurance companies may increase the offer to a reasonable amount any time prior to the trial date. However, it is best practice to prepare every case as if it is going to trial so that you are ready to win a trial if settlement is not possible. There are some cases that simply require a trial to get the best possible result. Step 2: Service on Defendant(s): The sheriff’s office or a private process server obtains the Complaint and service documents from the clerk’s office and serves them on the defendant(s). Step 3: Defense Files Answers: The defendant’s insurance company hires a lawyer (defense attorney) who will defend the case. The defense attorney will file an Answer in response to the allegations in the Complaint. Step 4: “Interrogatories”: The plaintiff will typically serve written questions and written requests upon the defendant(s). The written questions are called “interrogatories.” These questions are designed to “discover” information about the defendant(s), how the defense contends the incident occurred, and any defenses they have asserted. This is called “discovery” or the “discovery process.” Each defendant, with the assistance of the defense lawyer, must respond to the plaintiff’s questions and requests for documents. Likewise, the defense lawyer will send the plaintiff interrogatories and requests for documents seeking information about the incident, the plaintiff’s background, medical history, work history, and other relevant aspects of the case. The parties have a limited time period in which to respond to those questions. A good personal injury attorney will help the plaintiff prepare responses to the questions so that they are accurate and complete. The plaintiff’s responses to these questions are given under oath by signing a notarized affidavit. Step 6: Depositions: The parties in litigation have a right to take depositions. A deposition is essentially an in-person interview conducted under oath with a transcriptionist writing down everything that is said. The primary purposes of a deposition are to learn what a particular party or witness knows about information relevant to the case and to find out what that party or witness is likely to say at trial. The plaintiff (through his or her attorney) has an opportunity to depose the defendant about how the incident occurred. The defense attorney will have an opportunity to depose the plaintiff about the incident, the plaintiff’s background, injuries, medical history, work history, and other topics related to the case. Either party has a right to depose other witnesses, as well. A good plaintiff’s attorney will meet with the plaintiff in the days before the deposition to thoroughly prepare the plaintiff for the defense attorney’s questions. Step 7: Trial Preparation: As the trial date approaches, a professional personal injury attorney will diligently work to gather and organize the evidence needed to be successful at trial. If the insurance company continues to deny responsibility or continues to refuse to extend reasonable offers, then a trial may be necessary. Prior to trial, a prepared personal injury attorney will meet with the plaintiff, the plaintiff’s family, friends, co-workers, the investigating officers, and other witnesses who may be needed to present the case effectively. Step 8: Trial: If necessary, a plaintiff’s case will be tried in Circuit Court to a jury of seven people drawn from the community where the case is filed. At the conclusion of the trial, the jury will render a verdict. If the jury finds in favor of the plaintiff, then it is supposed to award money damages that will “fully and fairly compensate” the plaintiff for their injuries and losses. How to SueOnce you have decided to go ahead and file a lawsuit, you will probably need some help figuring out how to get started. Filing a lawsuit is not always a clear and straightforward process, and even basic decisions such as where to sue might not be as simple as they seem. Determining if You Should File a LawsuitWhen someone injures you or damages your property, your first instinct may be to think, “I’m going to sue that person!” But, lawsuits take up a lot of time, energy, and often money so it’s important to consider it carefully before actually filing a lawsuit. There are a few helpful questions to consider when determining whether or not to file a lawsuit: Statute of LimitationsIt’s important to be aware that there are time limits to file a lawsuit. The time limit, known as the statute of limitations in legal terminology, will depend on state laws as well as the cause of action for the lawsuit. For this reason, it’s important to consult an attorney or look up the laws of your state when considering whether or not to file a lawsuit. The clock for the statute of limitations of a particular cause of action can start running at several different times. Three of the most common times that the clock can start to run are: the date of harm, the date of discovery of the harm, or the date you should have discovered the harm. The date of harm is when the actual injury occurred, such as the date of the car accident that damaged your car. The date of discovery can occur when the injuries or damage could not have been ascertained until a later date. Finally, the date you should have discovered the harm is when a reasonable person would have discovered the harm. Generally speaking, you can look up the laws of your state to find out when the statute of limitations begin for the particular harm you have suffered. Hiring a Litigation AttorneyIf you believe that someone should be responsible for the personal injury, property damage, or monetary loss you have suffered and you are interested in filing a lawsuit, you should contact a local litigation attorney to discuss your options. Starting the Case: Initial Court PapersThe legal papers that are filed in court at the beginning of a lawsuit are called “pleadings.” Your attorney will explain pleadings to you in the particular context of your case, but the summary that follows will give you a head start in understanding some of the many documents that may become a part of your civil lawsuit. Please note that some states have different names for some of these documents. Complaint/PetitionUsually the first document filed in a lawsuit is the Complaint (or Petition), which provides an outline of the plaintiff’s case against the defendant. The Complaint is a document that identifies the parties involved, sets out the legal basis for the court’s jurisdiction over the controversy, states the plaintiff’s legal claims, and relates the facts giving rise to the claims. The Complaint will also contain a section called a demand for judgment or prayer for relief. Here the plaintiff will set forth what he or she wants the court to order the defendant to do — such as pay damages or take (or cease) a certain action. The purpose of the Complaint is to provide the defendant with notice of the factual and legal grounds for the plaintiff’s claims. Generally, the facts set forth in the Complaint are based on the plaintiff’s own knowledge. Sometimes the plaintiff will use the phrase, “upon information and belief” before setting forth some facts. This means that the plaintiff has heard about those facts from someone else, or has formed the belief that the events described in the paragraph happened as described. Most states require that the Complaint set forth only a short and plain statement of the plaintiff’s claims, so the facts in the Complaint don’t necessarily need to tell the whole story. Summons and Service of ProcessThe Summons is an order from the court where the lawsuit will be heard or “litigated.” It notifies the recipient (the “defendant” in the case) that he or she has been sued, refers to the Complaint or Petition, and sets out the time limit within which the defendant must file an answer or seek to have the case dismissed. It will also describe the consequences of failing to respond in a timely manner: the case may be decided without the defendant and he or she may be bound by the result even without participating. Failing to respond to a lawsuit on time will cause a defendant to be “in default.” The Summons is usually a form document. It will have a preprinted caption that contains the name of the court, the names of the parties and a docket number (the court’s identification number for the matter). The body of the document will tell the defendant that he or she has been sued. This language is called the “Notice.” The Summons will be delivered or “served” on the defendant along with the Complaint, either when somebody actually confirms his or her identity and gives them the documents, or when they are mailed to the defendant. The legal term for this is “service of process.” The Summons, properly served, gives the court power or “jurisdiction” over the case and over the defendant. That means the court may make decisions about the controversy described in the Complaint, and decisions affecting the defendant with respect to the controversy. CounterclaimIf a defendant has his or her own claim against the plaintiff, one which arose out of the same circumstances as those that led to the Complaint, it should be raised in the Answer in a section titled “Counterclaims.” The Counterclaim will be written in a manner similar to the Complaint. Reply to CounterclaimIf a defendant asserts a Counterclaim in the Answer, the plaintiff may respond by filing a “Reply.” The Reply will “admit,” “deny,” or assert that the plaintiff lacks information, just as the original Answer did. The Reply also may assert defenses, just as the Answer did. Cross-claimCross-claims arise when there are many parties to the lawsuit and two or more, who are “aligned” as plaintiffs or as defendants, have their own dispute arising out of the transaction or occurrence. For example, if Driver B and Driver C are sued by Driver A after a multiple-vehicle accident, and Driver C was actually injured by something Driver B did, Driver C might file a cross-claim against Driver B, within the same lawsuit. Answer to Cross-claimThe person being sued in a Cross-claim will file an Answer similar to the one filed after the original Complaint. Third-party ComplaintSometimes a defendant who has been sued will have a legal reason for passing liability off to another person. A common example is a contract in which the third party promises to pay if you the defendant is found liable in a case. This person may be brought into the lawsuit if the defendant files a Third-party Complaint. Like the regular Complaint, it will set forth the relevant facts giving rise to the defendant’s claim against the third party, and will set forth a request for relief. Answer to Third-party ComplaintThe person being sued through a Third-party Complaint must file an Answer, similar to the one filed after the original Complaint. Resolution Before Trial: Court MotionsPretrial motions can resolve many important questions about your lawsuit. A motion is a request your lawyer files with the court asking for a ruling on a particular matter. If the ruling on the motion could terminate the litigation and end the dispute before trial, it is called a dispositive motion. If the ruling is on some incidental question that arises during the litigation, it is a non-dispositive motion. Motion to DismissA motion to dismiss is sometimes filed in the very early stages of the litigation, before the parties have conducted discovery. The material presented in the complaint and any exhibits to the complaint are the focus of the motion. The motion is brought when the defendant believes that the complaint is legally deficient in some way. In deciding a motion to dismiss, the court must view the facts set forth in the complaint in the light most favorable to the plaintiff. The motion to dismiss is usually based on one or more of the following legal deficiencies: 84604 LawyerIt’s not a matter of if, it’s a matter of when. Legal problems come to everyone. Whether it’s your son who gets in a car wreck, your uncle who loses his job and needs to file for bankruptcy, your sister’s brother who’s getting divorced, or a grandparent that passes away without a will -all of us have legal issues and questions that arise. So when you have a law question, call Ascent Law for your free consultation (801) 676-5506. We want to help you!
Ascent Law LLC
8833 S. Redwood Road, Suite C West Jordan, Utah 84088 United States Telephone: (801) 676-5506
Ascent Law LLC
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Individual Liabilities In Accidental Shooting Do Executors Have To Give An Accounting To Beneficiaries? Do Most Real Estate Companies Have Lawyers? What Is A Prospectus And An Offering Memorandum? Ascent Law St. George Utah OfficeAscent Law Ogden Utah Officevia Michael Anderson https://www.ascentlawfirm.com/attorneys-84604/ An offering memorandum is a legal document that states the objectives, risks, and terms of an investment involved with a private placement. This document includes items such as a company’s financial statements, management biographies, a detailed description of the business operations, and more. An offering memorandum serves to provide buyers with information on the offering and to protect the sellers from the liability associated with selling unregistered securities. Understanding an Offering MemorandumAn offering memorandum, also known as a private placement memorandum (PPM), is used by business owners of privately held companies to attract a specific group of outside investors. For these select investors, an offering memorandum is a way for them to understand the investment vehicle. Offering memorandums are usually put together by an investment banker on behalf of the business owners. The banker uses the memorandum to conduct an auction among the specific group of investors to generate interest from qualified buyers. An offering memorandum, while used in investment finance, is essentially a thorough business plan. In practice, these documents are a formality used to meet the requirements of securities regulators since most sophisticated investors perform their extensive due diligence. Offering memorandums are similar to prospectuses but are for private placements, while prospectuses are for publicly traded issues. Example of an Offering MemorandumIn many cases, private equity companies want to increase their level of growth without taking on debt or going public. If, for example, a manufacturing company decides to expand the number of plants it owns, it can look to an offering memorandum as a way to finance the expansion. When this happens, the business first decides how much it wants to raise and at what price per share. In this example, the company needs $1 million to fund its growth at $30 per share. The company begins by working with an investment bank or banker to draft an offering memorandum. This memorandum complies with securities laws outlined by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). After compliance is met, the document is circulated among a specific number of interested parties, usually chosen by the company itself. This is in stark contrast to an initial public offering (IPO), where anyone in the public can purchase equity in the company. The offering memorandum tells the potential investors all they need to know about the company: the terms of the investment, the nature of the business, and the potential risk of the investment. The document almost always includes a subscription agreement, which constitutes a legal contract between the issuing company and the investor. Offering Memorandum Vs Summary ProspectusWhile an offering memorandum is used in a private placement, a summary prospectus is the disclosure document provided to investors by mutual fund companies before or at the time of sale to the public. This written document is an abridged version of the final prospectus that allows investors to see pertinent information regarding the fund’s investment objectives and goals, sales charges and expense ratio, focused investment strategy, and data on the fund’s management team. Relevant tax information and broker compensation are also included in the disclosure document. A summary prospectus provides investors the information they need from the final prospectus quickly and in plain English. An offering circular should not be confused with a red herring or preliminary prospectus. The preliminary prospectus, or red herring, is issued during the IPO process and is intended to generate interest in the new issue. It lacks many of the specifics regarding the new issue. The offering circular is a more complete document and should be viewed before making a final decision about an investment. An offering circular allows investors to access information regarding a new issue. It provides them with very important information about the security such as financial information about the issuer, the objective of the fund or purpose of the funds being raised, and other terms of the security issuance. The offering circular is a legal document and is a requirement for many, but not all, new issues. It is important to distinguish it from the red herring, or preliminary prospectus, which lacks significant details about the new issue. The red herring is a promotional item passed out to potential investors early on in the IPO process to solicit indications of interest and does not include the crucial information that an investor should review before purchasing a security. However, this important information is included in the offering circular. What Is a Prospectus?A prospectus is a formal document that is required by and filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) that provides details about an investment offering for sale to the public. A prospectus is filed for the stock, bond, and mutual fund offerings. A prospectus is used to help investors make a more informed investment decision. How a Prospectus WorksCompanies that wish to offer stock or bond for sale to the public must file a prospectus as part of the registration process with the SEC. Companies must file a preliminary and final prospectus. However, the SEC has specific guidelines as to what’s listed in a prospectus for various securities. The preliminary prospectus is the first offering document provided by a security issuer and includes most of the details of the business and transaction. However, the preliminary prospectus doesn’t contain the number of shares to be issued or price information. Typically, the preliminary prospectus is used to gauge interest in the market for the security being proposed. The final prospectus contains the complete details of the investment offering to the public. The final prospectus contains any finalized background information as well as the number of shares or certificates to be issued and the offering price. Types of Prospectuses: Mutual FundsIn the case of mutual funds, a fund prospectus contains details on its objectives, investment strategies, risks, performance, distribution policy, fees, expenses, and fund management. Because the fees that mutual funds charge take away from investors’ profits, the fees are listed in a table near the beginning of the prospectus. Fees for purchases, sales, and moving among funds are included. The format simplifies comparing the costs of various mutual funds. Typically, high-cost funds charge fees in excess of 1.5 percent, whereas low-cost funds charge 1 percent or less. Example of a ProspectusPNC Financial filed a prospectus to the SEC in 2019 requesting a new issuance of debt. The senior note being offered to the public is a bond or a promissory note to pay a specific yield by maturity. For review, senior notes are debt securities, or bonds, that take precedence over other unsecured notes in the event of bankruptcy. Senior notes must be paid first if assets are available in the event of company liquidation. A senior note pays a lower coupon rate of interest compared to junior unsecured bonds since the senior debt has a higher level of security and a reduced risk of default. A prospectus is a document that companies and others file with the Securities and Exchange Commission when they are offering new shares of a security to the public. One of the most common reasons for issuing a prospectus is when a company is making an initial public offering, putting shares of stock up for sale for the first time. Mutual funds issue a prospectus at regular intervals because they routinely make new shares available. Issuer InformationAmong the most salient details in the prospectus for a new stock are the descriptions that the company offers of itself, its assets, its operations, its goals and its business plan. The prospectus also features a section known as “certain considerations,” which explains any particular risk factors that could impede the success of the company and harm a shareholder’s investment in its stock. Other company information includes an examination of the competition, pending legislation and the broader economy and its influence on the company. A prospectus for a stock also features a financial statement for the company and the opinion of an independent auditor about the company’s financials. A bond prospectus similarly features relevant financial information about the corporation or public entity issuing the bond. Offering InformationIn addition to issuer information, a prospectus for a stock or bond offering includes information about the security itself. It describes the number of shares or bond certificates being sold in an offering, the price, the underwriter and how the security will be available for purchase. For either a stock or a bond, the prospectus should specify how the company or public entity that is selling the security will use the funds that are being raised from the sale. If the prospectus is for a stock, it will include information about its dividend policy and it will describe the different classes of stock and the voting rights for shareholders. Mutual Fund Fees, Expenses and Guidance Summary ProspectusA summary prospectus is the disclosure document provided to investors by mutual fund companies prior to or at the time of sale. The written document is a truncated version of the final prospectus that allows investors to see pertinent information regarding the fund’s investment objectives and goals, sales charges and expense ratio, focused investment strategy, and data on the fund’s management team. Relevant tax information and broker compensation are also included in the disclosure document. A summary prospectus provides investors the information they need from the final prospectus quickly and in plain English. Offering MemorandumSecurities, such as private placement transactions that are exempt from full registration under federal securities law, provide investors disclosure information through an offering memorandum. This disclosure document, often referred to as a private placement memorandum, includes a summary of the offering terms, risks associated with the investment and a full description of the issuing company. An offering memorandum also details how the funds raised will be used, information on the company’s management team and previous financial performance as available. The disclosure document for private placement transactions is substantially longer than a summary prospectus and must be given to prospective investors prior to completing a sale. For issuers considering selling stock in the company or selling debt securities to investors a well-tailored and written prospectus is mandatory, particularly in light of the current economic conditions. A prospectus offering document can bring added protection to your business and is often required to raise either debt or equity capital in the public and private markets. A well written prospectus will tell the story of the company, from the minute details of the types of securities being offered, e.g. stock versus bonds, to the management team, the market, the risk factors and the overall prospectus model of the company, among many other features. The final part of the prospectus is reserved for the subscription agreement, which is an essential component of any prospectus as the subscription agreement is the contract between the issuer and the person buying the debt or equity securities. Although the prospectus is first and foremost a document used to raise capital, the structure and presentation of the prospectus can add value to a company’s products and services and team by portraying them in a well-polished format. A prospectus shows an investor that one is serious and has gone the extra length to ensure regulatory compliance and good business practices. Without a formal document that outlines the company’s prospectus and securities structure it is often difficult to raise capital from any serious investor. Importance of Issuing an Offering MemorandumThe document is legally binding, and its importance goes beyond being a necessary document in the process of investment for both sellers and investors. The document protocol helps the investor understand the opportunities being presented in the investment, imminent risks, potential returns, the operations involved, and the general capital structure. The offering memorandum also provides protection for the investor and for issuers of securities. The issuer is required to follow to the letter all regulations outlined by the SEC (Securities and Exchange Commission). The SEC promotes fairness in the investment industry by shielding investors in the securities industry from falsified information and by aiding the investor in making informed decisions in the process of committing huge amounts of funds. The offering memorandum also presents a professional touch to the seller. Investors cannot commit their money to businesses that don’t look organized or professional in their area of operation. Presenting a memorandum shows seriousness and professionalism in the business. Securities LawyerWhen you need legal help from a securities lawyer in Utah, please call Ascent Law LLC for your free consultation (801) 676-5506. We want to help you.
Ascent Law LLC
8833 S. Redwood Road, Suite C West Jordan, Utah 84088 United States Telephone: (801) 676-5506
Ascent Law LLC
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Best Asset Division Divorce Attorney Individual Liabilities In Accidental Shooting Salt Lake City Trust Attorneys Do Executors Have To Give An Accounting To Beneficiaries? Ascent Law St. George Utah OfficeAscent Law Ogden Utah Officevia Michael Anderson https://www.ascentlawfirm.com/what-is-a-prospectus-and-an-offering-memorandum/ If you are the heir or beneficiary to a decedent’s estate, you have a right to a full accounting of the estate by the executor. This accounting is a requirement of the probate court before the executor or administrator may distribute remaining estate assets to heirs and beneficiaries. If the decedent left a will, those persons, organizations or institutions to whom he left the estate are beneficiaries. If the decedent died intestate, the estate goes to heirs depending on state laws regarding intestate succession. Estate Account TitlingThe executor named in the decedent’s will and officially appointed by the probate court must contact the Internal Revenue Service for an employer identification number for the estate. All of the property titled solely in the decedent’s name must be retitled as “The Estate of …” with the name of the executor. All checks made out to the decedent must be endorsed by the executor and deposited into an estate account. The executor is responsible for managing the decedent’s accounts, any rental properties or other assets of the estate. While the executor makes financial decisions, she may also be personally liable by beneficiaries or creditors for mismanagement of assets. Most states require executors to post a surety bond at the time of appointment for this reason. Executor DutiesThe executor’s duties include collecting and safeguarding all probatable assets and establishing the fair market value as of the date of death. The executor must post a notice to creditors in the decedent’s home county newspaper, pay outstanding and ongoing debts out of estate assets, hire professionals such as attorneys and accountants, file the decedent’s final tax return along with any applicable state or federal estate taxes, and pay any taxes due. She must provide the probate court with an inventory of all probatable assets with a copy to the beneficiaries. All of these activities and related costs are part of the estate accounting. Estate AccountingThe executor has a fiduciary duty to the estate, and must account for all expenses, as well as managing estate assets. The final accounting to the probate court must include estate checking account statements, invoices, receipts, financial statements, gains or losses on sale of assets, bills of sale and other items applicable to the particular estate. The executor may also receive payment for services, generally a percentage of the estate assets. If the executor is a relative of the decedent as well as a beneficiary, he may choose to waive payment. Depending on the size and nature of the estate, settlement may take months or years. The executor should provide beneficiaries with a regular accounting, and if this does not occur the beneficiaries may file a petition with the probate court to receive this information. Estate AccountsThe Executors named in the Will must administer the Estate in accordance with the terms of the Will. If there isn’t a legally valid Will in place, the Personal Representatives who are taking on the role must act in accordance with Intestacy Rules. When the Estate administration is complete, the Personal Representatives should produce a final document detailing the Estate’s Accounts. The Estate Accounts will show the final total of assets, liabilities, fees and administration expenses, and how the balance of the Estate has been distributed. The only people entitled to receive a copy of the Estate Accounts are the Residuary Beneficiaries. A Residuary Beneficiary is someone who is given the remainder of the Estate (known as the Residue) once all the funeral expenses, debts, taxes and other gifts have been paid out. There are different types of gift that can be left in a Will. For example, a Pecuniary Legacy is when an individual is left a specific sum of money. If an individual is bequeathed a Pecuniary Legacy of £1,000 and he/she receives £1,000, he/she would then have no further rights as far as the Estate is concerned. But if an individual is to receive a share of the Estate after the specific bequests have been distributed, then the individual is a Residuary Beneficiary and would be entitled to receive a full account of all of the assets and how they have been distributed. Exceptions to the RuleThere are some exceptions to this rule. The following also have a right to see the Estate Accounts: The executor accounting to beneficiaries is a critical part of the executor’s duties and it must be done properly. It takes place after all expenses and debts have been paid, including income taxes, and before the remainder of the estate are distributed. The executor must give the accounting to all the residual beneficiaries and they must approve it before distribution takes place. It is the executor’s legal duty to be ready to provide accounts at any time. The duty of account is owed to all residuary beneficiaries, the court, and people interested in the estate who get a court order for an accounting. Non-residual beneficiaries who are to receive a specific gift are also entitled to an accounting with respect to the gift. Executor accounting to beneficiaries is expected to take place regularly. At the minimum, it must take place every two years after the date of death and after the most recent accounting. The court has the ability to change the length of reporting intervals. The executor statement of account should include: Formal and Informal Executor Accounting to BeneficiariesThe Surrogate Rules give a formal accounting procedure that includes financial statements. Those entitled to executor accounting can sign a release that dispenses with the requirement for a formal accounting. If all the beneficiaries sign the release and there are no issues with compensation, a formal accounting is not required. This is referred to as informal accounting. The releases should be filed with the court so they are on the record to protect the executor. If the executor cannot get everyone to sign the release, if compensation needs to be set, or if the executor needs to discharge a bond, he or she can request another form of accounting that is less work and costs the estate less. Format for Accounting to BeneficiariesThere is no set format for accounting, be it formal or informal. However, it is critical that executors keep detailed records and evidence supporting each transaction. Additionally, it is in the personal representative’s best interest to keep track of how much time is spent for each step, be able to provide evidence of each step taken, and describe instances where he or she has had to use personal discretion. Keeping such information will be useful if the executor’s fee is contested. Once the final accounting has taken place and the estate has been distributed, the court can discharge the executor. However, the executor will always be the executor of that particular estate so if issues arise in future he or she will need to take up the role again. Discharge means that the executor cannot be held personally liable for how the estate was administered, unless fraud or undisclosed acts are discovered in the future. An executor assumes the legal responsibility to essentially “close the books” on that life and act in the best interest of the estate. Responsibilities include but not limited to: • Misunderstanding Fiduciary Responsibilities: Once you’ve been appointed the executor of an estate you also become a “fiduciary,” and expectations around your actions are high. As a fiduciary, your responsibility is to manage the money on behalf of the state. This that can get emotionally dicey for everyone, especially if the executor is also an heir or beneficiary. Unfortunately, being fair and honest when following the Will isn’t enough. You have to be able to prove that all of your actions and motives are transparent, objective, and completely above board. This is where we’ve seen many get tangled up in executor misconduct. As executor, your record keeping must be scrupulous, with paper copies of every transaction. Your communications with beneficiaries should be clear and consistent. That means everything related to the estate and probate should be put in writing and sent to everyone at the same time. Keeping everyone up-to-date on what’s happening with their inheritance can help allay concerns and resentment down the road. • Mismanaging Real Estate: This is an issue we run into all too frequently. Scammers and flippers make their living combing through death notices and hitting grieving relatives with hard sales pitches. Executors overwhelmed with their grief and the job in front of them are often quick to take the first offer they receive. It doesn’t help when there is little cash in the estate or if the house is in disrepair. As the executor, though, you have a fiduciary duty to make your best effort to receive the “fair market value” of that asset. So, while you do want to move quickly on a house sale you also want to move deliberately to maximize the value of the house. First, you’ll need to have the property appraised for probate court. Then you should talk to a trusted real estate professional about the best way to move forward. For example, if the house has a lot of deferred maintenance, is it better to invest estate assets in repairs before putting it on the market or selling it as is. If the property is to be sold and the proceeds distributed through the estate, the executor decides on the sale price and the amount of the commission. In order to head off questions from the beneficiaries about those numbers, it’s wise to get the blessing of the probate court before signing a contract. • Not Securing Tangible Assets: Yes, your father willed his valuable coin collection to your brother. But when your father died, the ownership of that collection didn’t immediately transfer to the brother. When the executor follows the Will and probate requirements, the coin collection is the property of the estate until probate is settled. It’s the executor’s responsibility to ensure the safekeeping of the collection until that time. We’ve seen this legal hurdle trip up many executors, especially when multiple family members have keys to the decedent’s house. It’s very common for even well-meaning beneficiaries to come in and help themselves to whatever they were promised. It becomes a huge problem if there are valuable antiques, collections or artwork left unprotected in the house. As an executor, one of the first things you need to do is change the locks of the house and secure anything of value. As part of the required estate accounting, you may need to have valuable items appraised and secured until probate is settled. Only then can they be distributed or sold. Estate Administration LawyerWhen you need legal help with Estate Administration, please call Ascent Law LLC for your free consultation (801) 676-5506. We want to help you.
Ascent Law LLC
8833 S. Redwood Road, Suite C West Jordan, Utah 84088 United States Telephone: (801) 676-5506
Ascent Law LLC
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Best Asset Division Divorce Attorney Individual Liabilities In Accidental Shooting Ascent Law St. George Utah OfficeAscent Law Ogden Utah Officevia Michael Anderson https://www.ascentlawfirm.com/do-executors-have-to-give-an-accounting-to-beneficiaries/ While the right to keep and bear arms is constitutionally protected, states have long restricted how and when people can use firearms. All states, as well as cities and municipal governments, have laws or ordinances which prevent people from firing or discharging a weapon under certain circumstances. These laws, often known as unlawful discharge, negligent discharge, or unlawful use of a weapon, differ widely between states and cities. Shootings are an all-too-frequent occurrence in the USA. With the number unintentional shootings averaging about 2,000+ per year and continually on the rise, many folks might be wondering: what’s the criminal charge and penalty for accidentally shooting someone? Whether a person was cleaning their gun, dropped their gun, or claiming the gun malfunctioned or just went off, if someone gets hit with the bullet, criminal charges are likely to follow. Not everyone gets so lucky as to have the shooting victim apologize to them. In fact, it is much more likely that an accidental shooting will result in serious criminal charges. What is the Accidental Discharge of a Firearm?The law defines the accidental discharge of a firearm as the event of firing at a time not intended by the firearm user. In such an event, people may be injured, or property may be damaged. Accidental discharge may be a criminal offense. Whether this gun law offense is a misdemeanor or a more serious crime — that is, a felony — depends upon state law and the degree of injury or damage caused by the discharge. Unlawful discharge of firearms laws typically punishes the unlawful firing of a firearm, such as a pistol or shotgun, but they may also apply to other weapons such as crossbows, blowguns, and BB or pellet guns. Unlawful discharge laws prohibit firing any weapon in certain areas or under specific circumstances, such as firing from a moving vehicle, firing across a state highway, or firing into or at an occupied building. How Does an Accidental Discharge Occur?An accidental discharge is the act of negligently firing a gun that can cause injury or death to others, or damage to property. Negligence is the failure to use reasonable care under the circumstances. Accidental discharges can occur anywhere, including at residences and public places. These events commonly occur at events where firearms are likely to be present, such as hunting trips and shooting ranges. Accidental discharges can occur in a number of ways. These include: • When an individual, in attempting to grip or holster the firearm trigger without intending to pull the trigger, accidentally squeezes the trigger with sufficient force to cause an accidental discharge; Manslaughter (Criminally Negligent Homicide)Manslaughter (Criminally Negligent Homicide) means recklessly causing the death of another person or committing murder with a mitigating factor such as acting under extreme emotional distress or under a delusion due to a mental illness. When a person unintentionally kills another, whether or not a gun was used, they can be charged with manslaughter, which is a felony. Manslaughter is frequently referred to as criminally negligent homicide, as that name more closely mirrors the elements of a manslaughter charge. To be found guilty of manslaughter, a person has to die as a result of a defendant’s inherently dangerous actions or actions taken with reckless disregard. Manslaughter is a second-degree felony punishable by up to 15 years in prison and up to $10,000 in fines. Typical penalties for a manslaughter conviction include at least one year in jail, and can be much worse if the conduct that led to the death merit such. For example, a repeat drunk driver that causes a death is likely to face a harsher sentence than a recently victimized elderly man who, instinctively, accidentally shoots someone they believe to be a robber. Unlike other states which divide the crime of manslaughter into voluntary and involuntary manslaughter, the Beehive State divides its manslaughter laws based upon things such as recklessness of the act, the use of negligence, and whether the death occurred while operating a motor vehicle (i.e. vehicular manslaughter) or committing assault or child abuse. The primary difference between murder and manslaughter is intent. Murder is generally understood to be an intentional killing whereas manslaughter is an unintentional killing. However, there are exceptions to this rule. For example, if a person commits murder under extreme emotion distress or while acting under a delusion due to mental illness, the crime of murder may be reduced to manslaughter. These defenses are called mitigating circumstances. Non-Lethal ShootingsIf a non-fatal, accidental shooting occurs, criminal charges can still be brought. Generally, causing harm to another, even if unintentional, can still be illegal. Unfortunately, however, there are some states, like Florida, where even lethal accidental shootings can go unpunished, if the conduct does not rise to the level of recklessness (which for the Sunshine state is much higher than you’d expect). Alternatively, in Virginia, just the reckless handling of a firearm leading to injury can be charged as felony punishable by up to 5 years. In addition to the numerous specific state and local laws that regulate improper and accidental discharges of guns, criminal negligence charges are likely appropriate in an accidental shooting case. Unless the defendant is a repeat offender, or there are additional criminal charges, which could include other firearms charges, or assault, generally, criminal negligence, and other charges for accidentally shooting, but not killing, will be misdemeanor charges, punishable by not more than one year in jail. Causes of Firearm AccidentsUnintentional shootings rank among the leading causes of gun deaths. Why do they happen? Lack of TrainingFirearms safety courses are vital in teaching gun owners how to safely use their gun. Gun owners who did not undergo proper training are more likely to injure or kill someone in an accidental shooting than those who did. Drugs and AlcoholAccidents happen more often when people show off or play with guns, especially while under the influence of drugs and alcohol. Manufacturer ErrorNot all guns are designed and manufactured correctly. If a weapon discharges on account of poor design or a manufacturing defect, the manufacturer can be held legally responsible for the damage that occurs. Unintentional shootings rank among the leading causes of gun deaths. Lack of Parental GuidanceWhen a child gets hold of a gun, the parent may be found legally responsible for failing to keep it in a secure place. Who Is Responsible in Negligent Shootings?If a person’s carelessness contributed to the incident, the courts will consider several factors to determine liability. In most cases, either the gun’s owner or the person who discharged the firearm faces full responsibility for an incident. In some cases, a parent or a child may face some degree of responsibility. What Are the Criminal Penalties for Accidentally Shooting Someone? An extremely reckless discharge carries more severe penalties, in terms of jail time and fines, than do “regular” reckless discharges or accidental discharge. Extreme recklessness is generally defined as recklessness that is so gross and brazen as to show a flagrant disregard for human life, that can seriously injure one or more people. An example is the careless discharge of a firearm in extremely close proximity to a large group of individuals. Unlawful discharge of a weapon crimes can be either misdemeanor or felony offenses depending on the state and the circumstances of the case. Misdemeanor offenses are less serious than felony offenses, though both can result in significant criminal penalties. What Defenses Exist to Accidental Discharge Offenses?
Utah Gun Accident LawyerIf you or someone you know was injured in a gun shooting, please call Ascent Law LLC for your free consultation (801) 676-5506. We want to help you.
Ascent Law LLC
8833 S. Redwood Road, Suite C West Jordan, Utah 84088 United States Telephone: (801) 676-5506
Ascent Law LLC
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Best Asset Division Divorce Attorney Ascent Law St. George Utah OfficeAscent Law Ogden Utah Officevia Michael Anderson https://www.ascentlawfirm.com/individual-liabilities-in-accidental-shooting/ When your marital estate includes intangible assets such as investments and business properties or assets that have not fully matured, it is important to work with a family law attorney who has experience handling these issues. They can help you value and divide complex assets such as: • Pension plans and retirement accounts: The portion of a pension that was acquired during a marriage is subject to equitable distribution. How much is your family business worth? Will one spouse continue to run the business?Don’t Let Emotions Lead Your Financial Decisions Everything Is Divisible and Fair GameIndividuals often make the mistake of assuming that assets that are in their names can’t be claimed by spouses in a divorce. However, divorce experts caution that the opposite is true. Because the same holds true for liabilities like debt and credit cards, couples should be sure to consider all factors when doing their financial planning. Make Big Purchases Before Filing for Divorce“Most states issue automatic financial restraining orders prohibiting people from making big purchases or liquidating assets after the divorce is filed, absent a court order or an agreement.” Keep Track of Your Spouse’s MoneyIf you’re thinking of filing for divorce or even marriage separation, it’s a good idea to take a look at your spouse’s financial situation. Spouses should start by tracking partners’ new credit card and loan applications. Gather Key Evidence Before Filing for a DivorceIf you’re thinking of filing for divorce, it can be tough not to walk out the door when your spouse pushes your buttons. However, individuals take time to collect evidence before a split. Along with taking pictures of assets, individuals should make copies of account statements and jot down any important numbers. Preparation is key if you hope to come out ahead in court. Get Property Valued Before You Part WaysWhen it comes to divorce, almost all property is fair game. However, spouses can’t hope to get their fair shares if they don’t know the value of assets. Don’t Hide AssetsYou can try to deceive your spouse by hiding or concealing assets, but don’t forget that you’re also messing with the law. If what you’re hiding is discovered, you’ll lose your credibility in court. There could also be stiff penalties, including monetary sanctions. To protect yourself and your property during a divorce, it’s best to declare all assets upfront. Know Your Biggest AssetMany people mistakenly believe that their house is their biggest asset when it is actually a retirement or pension account. Even if your retirement account is less than robust now, the court will likely consider its future value when dividing assets. “There are many ways to divide your portion of your spouse’s retirement asset (called a qualified domestic relations order) so give that due consideration.” The Division of Property Can be ComplexDividing assets and properties isn’t always a simple numerical transaction. “Negotiating the division of property is an art form all its own.” “It’s a three-step process: characterize the asset, value it, divide it.” After the asset is identified as community property, separate property or both, figuring out the value can be tricky. “For instance, a bank account with cash in it is pretty easy to value — look at the balance.” “But a retirement account, a house or securities can have more complex issues.” Retirement Accounts Are Not Worth the Statement Balance Utah Divorce LawyersWhen it is time for divorce in utah, please call Ascent Law LLC for your free consultation (801) 676-5506. We want to help you.
Ascent Law LLC
8833 S. Redwood Road, Suite C West Jordan, Utah 84088 United States Telephone: (801) 676-5506
Ascent Law LLC
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Legal Issues For Gay And Lesbian Adoptions Ascent Law St. George Utah OfficeAscent Law Ogden Utah Officevia Michael Anderson https://www.ascentlawfirm.com/best-asset-division-divorce-attorney/ Rule 144A is a safe harbor exemption from the registration requirements of Section 5 of the Securities Act for certain offers and sales of qualifying securities by certain persons other than the issuer of the securities. The exemption applies to resales of securities to qualified institutional buyers, who are commonly referred to as “QIBs.” QIBs must be institutions, and cannot be individuals—no matter how wealthy or sophisticated. The securities eligible for resale under Rule 144A are securities of U.S. and foreign issuers that are not listed on a U.S. securities exchange or quoted on a U.S. automated inter-dealer quotation system. Rule 144A provides that reoffers and resales in compliance with the rule are not “distributions” and that the reseller is therefore not an “underwriter” within the meaning of Section 2(a)(11) of the Securities Act. A reseller that is not the issuer, an underwriter, or a dealer can rely on the exemption provided by Section 4(1) of the Securities Act. Resellers that are dealers can rely on the exemption provided by Section 4(3) of the Securities Act. Rule 144A modifies the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) restrictions on trades of privately placed securities so that these investments can be traded among qualified institutional buyers, and with shorter holding periods—six months or a year, rather than the customary two-year period. While the Rule, introduced in 2012, has substantially increased the liquidity of the affected securities, it has also drawn concern that it may help facilitate fraudulent foreign offerings and reduce the range of securities on offer to the general public. Rule 144A is designed to provide an exemption to the general rule that all securities must be registered with the SEC before being sold. The rule specifically addresses the resale of securities among what the rule calls qualified institutional buyers, which includes most categories of institutions that qualify as accredited investors under the securities laws. Individual investors cannot be qualified institutional buyers; only institutions qualify under Rule 144A. The general intent of the rule is to allow institutions to engage in transactions the SEC would deem too risky for the general public. Institutions can make trades even though the underlying issuer hasn’t provided the full information required for SEC registration. The assumption is that large institutions are savvy enough to do their own due diligence without the SEC backing them up, in contrast to individual investors, who typically lack the resources to verify claims from issuers without the agency’s help. In addition, Rule 144A has made the markets for privately placed restricted securities more liquid than they would otherwise be. Ordinarily, a two-year holding period applies under SEC Rule 144 to institutions that buy restricted securities from issuers. By allowing trades among qualified institutions, Rule 144A allows shorter-term investment in these securities. Who may rely on Rule 144A?Any person other than an issuer may rely on Rule 144A. Issuers must find another exemption for the offer and sale of unregistered securities. Typically, they rely on Section 4(2) (often in reliance on Regulation D) or Regulation S under the Securities Act. Affiliates of the issuer may rely on Rule 144A. What types of transactions are conducted under Rule 144A?The following types of transactions often are conducted under Rule 144A: Rule 144A programAn issuer that intends to engage in multiple offerings may have a Rule 144A program. Rule 144A programs are programs established for offering securities (usually debt securities) on an ongoing or continuous basis to potential offerees. They are similar to “medium-term note programs,” but they are unregistered, and the securities are offered only to QIBs. These programs often are used by financial institution and insurance company issuers to offer securities, through one or more broker-dealers, to institutional investors in continuous offerings. Among the advantages of using Rule 144A programs are The Impetus for Rule 144ABefore a security can be offered to the general public, the Securities Act of 1933 stipulates that the issuer must register it with the SEC and provide extensive documentation through a filing with the agency. Rule 144A, however, was drawn up in recognition that more sophisticated institutional investors may not require the same levels of information and protection as do individuals when they buy securities. The Rule provides a mechanism for the sale of privately placed securities that do not have—and are not required to have—an SEC registration in place, creating a more efficient market for the sale of those securities. Rule 144A Holding RequirementsIn addition to not requiring that securities receive SEC registration, Rule 144A relaxed the regulations over how long a security must be held before it can be traded. Rather than the customary two-year holding period, a minimum of a six-month period applies to a reporting company, and a minimum one-year period applies to issuers not required to meet reporting requirements. These periods begin on the day the securities in question were bought and considered paid in full. Public Information RequirementA minimum level of public-accessible information is required of the selling party. For reporting companies, this issue is addressed as long as they are in compliance with their regular reporting minimums. For non-reporting companies (also called non-issuers), basic information regarding the company, such as company name and the nature of its business, must be publicly available. Concerns Over Rule 144A and ResponsesAs the Rule succeeded, as intended, in increasing non-SEC trading activity, concern rose at the number of trades that were all but invisible to individual investors, and even murky to some institutional ones, as well. One problem with the Rule 144A regulatory setup is that even though the trades sanctioned by it became an important segment of trading in some issuers’ securities, the reporting requirements made activity in the 144A market harder for ordinary investors to see. In the corporate bond market, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority estimated last year that the total volume of 144A transactions was about 20% of the overall average daily volume for the entire bond market. In the high-yield debt area, that proportion was even higher at nearly 30%. To give more information to all market participants, FINRA started reporting transaction data for Rule 144A trades in the corporate debt market in mid-2014. With its Trade Reporting and Compliance Engine, FINRA leveled the playing field for Rule 144A and non-Rule 144A trades, imposing many of the same informational requirements on both. FINRA heralded the move as “bringing transparency to a market that had previously operated in the dark.” An executive at FINRA added that “the information will help professional investors and contribute to more efficient pricing of these securities, as well as inform valuation for mark-to-market purposes.” What securities are eligible for exemption under Rule 144A?Securities offered under Rule 144A must not be “fungible” with, or substantially identical to, a class of securities listed on a national securities exchange (which includes the NASDAQ Market System) or quoted in an automated inter-dealer quotation system (“listed securities”). Common stock is deemed to be of the “same class” if it is of substantially similar character and the holders enjoy substantially similar rights and privileges. American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”) are considered to be of the same class as the underlying equity security. Preferred stock is deemed to be of the same class if its terms relating to dividend rate, liquidation preference, voting rights, convertibility, call, redemption, and other similar material matters are substantially identical. Debt securities are deemed to be of the same class if the terms relating to interest rate, maturity, subordination, convertibility, call, redemption, and other material terms are substantially the same. A convertible or exchangeable security with an effective conversion premium on issuance (which means at pricing) of less than 10%, and a warrant with a term less than three years or an effective exercise premium on issuance (at pricing) of less than 10%, will be treated as the “same class” as the underlying security. What is a 144A Bond Offering?144A bonds fall under “Rule 144A”. The 144A is an SEC rule issued in 1990 that modified a two-year holding period requirement on privately placed securities by permitting QIBs to trade these positions among themselves. Prior to this the holding period for such private stock was different. A 144A bond offering is a U.S. based offering, and typically is considered an alternative to the timely and costly initial public offering. Bonds and NotesThere are two common terms used to describe debt securities issuance, a “bond”, and a “note”. A bond is traditionally having a maturity date – an expiration or ending date that the bond terminates on – after 10 years. For notes, the common length is up to ten years. Thus, if a company issues a 144A bond, by the traditional definition the 144A bond will last for more than 10 years. If a company issues a 144A note than traditionally the notes will mature within 10 years of the issue. While the semantics of the bonds and notes do not matter that much in the business world, they do matter for those that know and it is important to be precise when outlining your debt offering. A 144A bond offering is a private placement offered in the United States for U.S. investors and clears through DTCC, usually (but not always). Additionally, 144A offerings and its Reg S component clear and settle via Euroclear or Clearstream in Europe. A 144A is, in the vast majority of cases, a debt issuance. While very few issuers percentage wise issue a 144A equity security, most companies and governments opt to issue 144A debt, and indeed the majority of such 144A offerings are almost all notes or bonds. Securities Lawyers In UtahWhen you need legal help with Securities Law in Utah, please call Ascent Law LLC for your free consultation (801) 676-5506. We want to help you.
Ascent Law LLC
8833 S. Redwood Road, Suite C West Jordan, Utah 84088 United States Telephone: (801) 676-5506
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Utah Uniform Probate Code Forms Legal Issues For Gay And Lesbian Adoptions Marriage Annulment In Salt Lake City Can I Keep My Car Loan Out Of Bankruptcy Ascent Law St. George Utah OfficeAscent Law Ogden Utah Officevia Michael Anderson https://www.ascentlawfirm.com/what-is-a-144a-security/ Estate planning is a process that involves making advanced plans for end-of-life issues and for property and assets when one passes away. Any person may become sick or hurt, creating a situation where they need nursing care or where tough choices must be made about medical treatment. Every person will eventually pass away, which cause undue problems if no plans could have been made regarding assets and property. Estate planning utilizes legal and financial tools to address the issues that arise in case of illness, incapacity, and death. The planning process is different for everyone, because you may have your own unique goals, like supporting a charity or paying for your child’s college education. A good attorney will listen carefully to you, ask questions that help you to shape the estate planning process, and assist you in using the right tools. When Should I Make an Estate Plan?It is important to make an estate plan as soon as you have assets, have anyone depending upon you, or have become an adult with your own opinions about your medical care. Many people mistakenly believe estate planning isn’t something they need to worry about yet, but this is simply not true. Simple Steps to an Estate PlanYou may have heard that you need to make an “estate plan,” but what does an estate plan cover and how do to make one? Here is a simple list of the most important estate planning issues to consider. Make a will.In a will, you state who you want to inherit your property and name a guardian to care for your young children should something happen to you and the other parent. Consider a trust.If you hold your property in a living trust, your survivors won’t have to go through probate court, a time-consuming and expensive process. Make health care directives.Writing out your wishes for health care can protect you if you become unable to make medical decisions for yourself. Health care directives include a health care declaration (“living will”) and a power of attorney for health care, which gives someone you choose the power to make decisions if you can’t. (In some states, these documents are combined into one, called an advance health care directive.) Make a financial power of attorney.With a durable power of attorney for finances, you can give a trusted person authority to handle your finances and property if you become incapacitated and unable to handle your own affairs. The person you name to handle your finances is called your agent or attorney-in-fact (but doesn’t have to be an attorney). Protect your children’s property.You should name an adult to manage any money and property your minor children may inherit from you. This can be the same person as the personal guardian you name in your will. File beneficiary formsNaming a beneficiary for bank accounts and retirement plans makes the account automatically “payable on death” to your beneficiary and allows the funds to skip the probate process. Likewise, in almost all states, you can register your stocks, bonds, or brokerage accounts to transfer to your beneficiary upon your death. Consider life insuranceIf you have young children or own a house, or you may owe significant debts or estate tax when you die, life insurance may be a good idea. Understand estate taxesMost estates — more than 99.7% — won’t owe federal estate taxes. For deaths in 2017, the federal government will impose estate tax at your death only if your taxable estate is worth more than $5.49 million. (This exemption amount rises each year to adjust for inflation.) Also, married couples can transfer up to twice the exempt amount tax-free, and all assets left to a spouse (as long as the spouse is a U.S. citizen) or tax-exempt charity is exempt from the tax. The Estate Planning ProcessIt is natural for many people to put off planning their estates. After all, no one wants to anticipate his or her own death. In addition, many people may believe that only the wealthy require estate planning or that all that is involved is tax planning, which can be done “later.” They may well be wrong on both counts. Your level of wealth and the ultimate tax consequences of your estate become secondary to the planning and care of your family and other heirs. A well-structured estate plan is invaluable. Through it, you can control the distribution of your assets and possessions, as well as name guardians for your children or plan care for other dependents. While the estate planning process can raise some difficult emotional and personal issues, your heirs will be glad you did it, and you will know that your wishes are assured. Start Your Estate Plan With Ascent Law TodayYour first step should be to assemble a competent, professional estate planning team. Your attorney, financial service professional, insurance agent, bank trust officer, and/or accountant are all possible members of your team, depending on the size and complexity of your estate. They can help you complete an analysis of your current estate by looking at your financial position as of today and helping you analyze your family’s needs for the future. Does a family member have special needs or require medical attention? How much will an education cost when your children reach college age? How will your family’s overall cost-of-living requirements change? How will estate taxes affect your assets as they are currently held? The answers to these questions can help you develop an estate plan that will adequately provide for your family’s needs. What Information Should Be Gathered For Estate Planning?A thorough estate analysis requires gathering any and all materials involving current or future income, property ownership, insurance, and legal arrangements already in place. This includes records of the following: Steps To Estate PreservationIf you begin planning in a timely fashion, there are clear, legitimate methods that allow you to take steps to preserve your estate and minimize estate taxation while satisfying both the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and the courts. You will also save your heirs needless effort and expense. Consider the following steps: Reasons You Need an Estate PlanWhile there are a variety of reasons why people decide to meet with an estate planning attorney and create an estate plan, here are the most valuable reasons. Free Initial Consultation with LawyerIt’s not a matter of if, it’s a matter of when. Legal problems come to everyone. Whether it’s your son who gets in a car wreck, your uncle who loses his job and needs to file for bankruptcy, your sister’s brother who’s getting divorced, or a grandparent that passes away without a will -all of us have legal issues and questions that arise. So when you have a law question, call Ascent Law for your free consultation (801) 676-5506. We want to help you!
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Common Pitfalls Of Estate Planning Legal Issues For Gay And Lesbian Adoptions Ascent Law St. George Utah OfficeAscent Law Ogden Utah Officevia Michael Anderson https://www.ascentlawfirm.com/estate-planning-utah-attorney/ Same sex couples face several unique legal issues when they decide to become a family with children. Special rules can apply to gay and lesbian adoption in many states, and even when a child is born into a gay or lesbian partnership, different rules may be applied regarding the two parents, especially if they’re not married. Gay and Lesbian AdoptionsIt’s often the case that gay and lesbian couples decide to bring a child into their lives through conception and birth. For a lesbian couple, this usually involves finding a male donor or visiting a sperm bank and then having one of the couple become pregnant. The other parent in such a partnership then can become a legal second parent through stepparent or second parent adoption. Not all states allow such adoption, however. Gay men can also become legal parents of a child in a similar fashion through the use of a surrogate mother. Adoption laws vary from state to state, and there are some states that do allow lesbian and gay couples to adopt children as legal, joint parents. Gay and lesbian couples in these states can go through adoption agencies in order to adopt, personally arrange their adoption, or even adopt internationally. In many states, however, stepparent, second parent or even joint adoption are not options for gay and lesbian couples. In Florida, for example, state laws prohibit any “homosexual” from adopting a child. Florida prohibits second parent adoptions as well. If you would like to look up the legal status of gay and lesbian adoptions in your state, you can visit Lambda Legal for a list of the laws of each state which address homosexual adoption. Raising a child can be one of the biggest decisions in your life, which is why it’s important to know all of the legal ramifications of your decision before you start down the road. There are often gay and lesbian parenting groups in many large cities around the country that are willing to give advice to couples looking to raise children. If you cannot find any in your area, you can visit the Queer Resources Directory. The following sites can also provide you with helpful information: Lambda Legal, the National Center for Lesbian Rights, and the Gay and Lesbian Advocates and Defenders. The Rights and Duties of Legal ParentsA legal parent is defined as the person who has the right to live with a child and make decisions about the child’s education, well being and health. Legal parents must also support their children financially. When a heterosexual married couple has a child, both parents are automatically presumed to be the child’s legal parents. Even if the couple divorces, both parents still are the legal parents of the child under this parental presumption. As mentioned above, gay and lesbian couples living in some states can jointly adopt a child. In other states, one partner can legally adopt the biological child of the other partner through adoption procedures such as stepparent adoption or domestic partner adoption. A joint adoption or secondary adoption are important since they allow both parties to the same-sex partnership to become legal parents of the child. Relying on the assumption that the legalization of same sex marriage will automatically result in legal parent status upon the birth or adoption of a child can be a risky move. Attorneys regularly recommend that non-biological parents go through the legal procedures required for stepparent or second parent adoption as a precaution. This legal relationship will exist as a backup form of security if the gay or lesbian couples decide to travel to a state that does not recognize the parental rights of a same-sex married couple. In the remaining states that do not allow gay and lesbian adoption, the second parent is not considered to be a legal parent and has limited rights. Gay and lesbian couples should plan on making arrangements with respect to their children and the laws of their state. Same sex couples, just like heterosexual couples, are encouraged to make parenting agreements that set out in plain language the couple’s understanding of their rights and responsibilities. By doing this now, you may be able to save time, money and hardship later on. What happens to the second parent’s rights after a split?When a same-sex partnership dissolves, the issue of a second parent’s rights is certain to come up if a child is involved. These problems are difficult to resolve because of the unique legal nature of gay and lesbian unions. When heterosexual couples split up, a court will issue a child custody order if the two parents cannot come to an agreement. When a same-sex couple splits up, however, the second parent’s rights can be more uncertain. Many states have settled that a second parent has no legal rights to raise or make decisions pertaining to the child in the future, even if that second parent has acted and behaved like a parent for the entirety of the child’s life. In the worst case scenario, a court will treat a second parent as a complete stranger to the relationship between the child and the first parent, giving the first parent the absolute right to dictate all future interactions between the child and the second parent. When considering whether a second parent should be judged a “de facto parent,” a court will often look to the following criteria: Parenting AgreementsAfter you and your partner have committed to a joint parenting relationship, the first thing that you both should do is sit down and draw up a parenting agreement. This document should reflect that, although only one of you might be the true, legal parent of the child, both of you consider yourselves and each other to be the parents of the child. You should both also indicate that you know the rights and responsibilities that come with parenting your child. Lastly, the agreement should also include a clause that you both wish to continue parenting even if your relationship ends. These agreements offer greater certainty when they cover financial issues as well, such as the costs of education, food and housing. In addition, the legal parent should also express their intention that, even if the relationship ends, he or she will grant generous visitation rights to the second parent. If a same-sex relationship does end, it is important that both the legal and second parent of the child try hard to honor the parenting agreement. In the beginning, both parents agreed to raise the child without some of the legal protections afforded by adoption or legal parentage, so they should try to recognize this point and abide by the agreement. The two parties should make a concerted effort to resolve their differences before taking their dispute to the courts. The outcomes of custody battles between same-sex partners vary greatly and there is no guarantee that it will turn out the way to the parties expect. LGBTQ Adoption LawyersWhen you need legal help for an LGBTQ Adoption in Utah, please call Ascent Law LLC for your free consultation (801) 676-5506. We want to help you.
Ascent Law LLC
8833 S. Redwood Road, Suite C West Jordan, Utah 84088 United States Telephone: (801) 676-5506
Ascent Law LLC
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What Is An Exempt Offering Document? Child Custody And Spousal Support Utah Uniform Probate Code Forms Ascent Law St. George Utah OfficeAscent Law Ogden Utah Officevia Michael Anderson https://www.ascentlawfirm.com/legal-issues-for-gay-and-lesbian-adoptions/ When a person dies, their assets are distributed in the probate process. Probate is a general term for the entire process of administration of estates of deceased persons, including those without wills, with court supervision. If a person dies with a will, a petition to probate the will is filed with the probate court in the county where the deceased resided at the time of death, asking for letters testamentary to be issued, giving the executor authority to handle the estate affairs. If a person dies with a valid will, an executor is named to handle the distribution of the estate. If the person dies without a valid will, the court appoints an administrator to distribute the decedent’s assets according to the state’s laws of intestacy. The court will issue letters of administration, also called letters testamentary, to the administrator, giving the authority to handle the affairs of the deceased. All property of a decedent may not be subject to the probate process. Some assets, such as insurance policies or cd’s may name a beneficiary or pass automatically to a surviving joint owner outside the probate estate of the will. Assets held in trust, or in an account or policy with an insurer or financial institution with a named beneficiary, typically pass outside the probate process. Such assets go to the named beneficiary outside the probate process. If it is a survivorship account, or transfer on death account, it passes outside the probate process. Property held in trust is distributed according to the terms of the trust. It is possible to write a “pour over” clause in a will, so that property “pours over” into the trust, which is exempted from probate. The involvement of the court to transfer such property is not required. A bank account or motor vehicle title may also specify a death beneficiary and thus be exempt from the probate process. The trustee shall administer the trust in accordance with the following terms and such additional terms as the court determines appropriate: For the purposes of this subsection, an election on behalf of a surviving spouse by an agent under a durable power of attorney is presumed to be on behalf of a surviving spouse who is an incapacitated person. Expenditures of income and principal may be made in the manner, when, and to the extent that the trustee determines suitable and proper for the surviving spouse’s support, without court order but with regard to other support, income, and property of the surviving spouse exclusive of benefits of medical or other forms of assistance from any state or federal government or governmental agency for which the surviving spouse shall qualify on the basis of need. During the surviving spouse’s incapacity, neither the surviving spouse nor anyone acting on behalf of the surviving spouse has a power to terminate the trust; but if the surviving spouse regains capacity, the surviving spouse then acquires the power to terminate the trust and acquire full ownership of the trust property free of trust, by delivering to the trustee a writing signed by the surviving spouse declaring the termination. Utah Personal Representative DeedA personal representative’s deed is a fiduciary instrument used in probate proceedings. Probate is the process of settling and distributing a decedent’s estate. The Utah Uniform Probate Code is codified at Title 75 of the Utah Code. Executed by a personal representative (PR), the PR deed transfers fee simple title to a purchaser following a sale of real property from an estate. When assets are insufficient to pay creditors’ claims, the PR may be required to sell assets from the estate. Transactions that the PR is authorized to enter are outlined in 75-3-714, and include the sale of real property. To transfer title following a sale of real property, the PR executes a deed. A personal representative’s deed is named after the executing officer, but typically carries the same covenants as a special warranty deed. A special warranty deed is a statutory form under 57-1-12.5. By including the specific language that the grantor “conveys and warrants against all who claim by, through, or under the grantor,” the PR covenants with the purchaser (grantee) that the property is free from encumbrances made by the grantor and that the grantor will defend the grantee’s title against valid claims from persons arising from the time the grantor obtained title, but none other. PR deeds identify the personal representative as the granting party, reference the decedent by name, and cite information about the probated estate, including the district court in which probate is opened and the case number assigned to the estate. To properly convey title, include the grantee’s full name, mailing address, and vesting information. All documents must meet state and county recording standards for form and content. PR deeds have the same content requirements as any deed affecting title to real property, including a consideration statement of the value exchanged for the transfer, a legal description of the subject parcel, the tax identification number assigned by the taxing authority, and a recitation of the grantor’s source of title. Any restrictions on the property should also be noted on the face of the deed. The PR must sign the deed in the presence of a notary public before recording in the appropriate county. Include a water rights addendum under 57-3-109. This form must be completed and signed by the grantor. Submit the deed and any required supporting documents, such as a copy of the PR’s letters, to the recording office of the county where the real property is situated. Most probates in UPC states are informal, with no court hearings. You can use informal probate whether or not the deceased person left a will and whether the estate is big or small. But if anyone wants to contest the proceeding, you cannot use informal probate. A court employee, usually called a “probate registrar” or “register,” will approve or deny your application. It should be approved unless someone objects, you missed the three-year deadline, or the will (if there is one) does not appear to be valid. Your authority to act on behalf of the estate will be granted in a document that’s usually titled Letters Testamentary or Letters of Administration. People commonly refer to it, though, just as “letters.” Administering the EstateYou will need to send formal written notices of the probate to heirs, will beneficiaries, and creditors that you know about. You may also need to publish a notice in the local newspaper (in some states, before the court actually appoints you as personal representative). One of your first tasks is to prepare an inventory and appraisal of the deceased person’s assets. For some assets, you may be able to estimate of the market value; for others, you’ll need an appraisal from an expert. In some states, you file this inventory with the probate registrar; in others, you can show it to the registrar and mail it to interested parties, but it doesn’t have to become part of the public records. When it’s clear that the estate has enough assets to pay debts, taxes, and expenses of administration (court and lawyer fees, for example), you can start distributing property to the inheritors. As a practical matter, this means that you should wait until the deadline for creditors to file claims has passed—usually three or four months from the time you publish the notice to creditors. First, you’ll prepare a document called a final accounting, to show how you handled the estate assets. Your state may provide a fill-in-the-blanks form. The accounting lists any income the estate assets received during probate and any losses to the estate—for example, if an asset declined in value. It also shows the amounts you paid to creditors and how much you distributed to beneficiaries. You’ll file the accounting with the court and will probably be required to send copies to interested parties, including beneficiaries and creditors. Then, you need to file a form called a “Closing Statement” (or a similar name) stating that you have paid all debts and taxes, distributed the property, and submitted the final accounting. You may also need to send a copy to each person who received property from the estate and to any creditor who hasn’t been paid. Unless someone comes forward to argue about something, your job is done. If you wish, you can choose to have a formal closing to your informal probate. The court will review your accounting and then, if everything is satisfactory, issue an order officially approving how you handled the estate. Some personal representatives want a formal closing because they have an accounting question for the court to resolve, or because they want court approval to help protect themselves from possible claims that they mishandled something. For example, if you paid yourself a good-sized but fair fee for serving as executor, you might want the court to approve it so that beneficiaries will know you handled the matter properly. Because it is lengthier and more expensive than informal probate, generally unsupervised formal probate is used only if there’s a good reason, such as disagreements among family members or creditors, possible complaints from beneficiaries about your handling of the estate, or not enough money to pay all the creditors. Before the court appoints you as personal representative, you will have to schedule a hearing and send written notice to all interested persons ahead of time. Interested persons include beneficiaries named in the will, the deceased person’s heirs (relatives who would inherit under state law if there were no valid will), and anyone who has formally asked the court to receive notices connected with the case. You’ll also need to publish a notice of the proceeding in a local newspaper. Anyone who objects to your appointment can speak at the hearing. You may need to get the court’s permission before you sell the deceased person’s real estate (unless the will authorizes it), distribute property to beneficiaries, or pay a lawyer—or yourself—for work done on behalf of the estate. Supervised formal probate is used only if the court finds it necessary—for example, because a beneficiary can’t look after his or her own interests and needs the court’s protection. The process is generally the same as in unsupervised formal probate. But the judge can require you, as personal representative, to do whatever is necessary to safeguard the estate and get the property to its rightful inheritors. For example, the judge might order a physical inspection of estate assets or require you to submit monthly accountings. And as you would expect, you must get court approval before distributing any property. The document in which you make your request will probably be called a petition or application. It must contain certain information, such as the date of death, names of surviving family members and of beneficiaries named in the will, and so on. Many courts provide fill-in-the-blanks forms; if yours doesn’t, you’ll have to type something up from scratch. (Every probate court has its own rules about the documents it requires.) If the deceased person owned real estate in more than one county in the same state, you can handle it all in one probate. There’s no need to conduct a separate probate proceeding in the other county. Many wills specifically say that no bond is required. If the will doesn’t address this issue, it’s up to the judge. If all the beneficiaries under the will agree, in writing, that it’s not needed, the judge is unlikely to order it. But some courts always require a bond if the executor lives out of state or if the person serving as executor isn’t the person named in the will. If bond is required, its amount will depend on the size of the estate. Bonding companies, most of which are divisions of insurance companies typically charge a fee of about 10% of the face amount of the bond. You can pay for the bond from estate funds. If there’s a will, you must prove that it’s valid. Usually, all you need is the statement from one or more of the witnesses, in one of these forms: • a notarized statement, called a “self-proving affidavit,” which witnesses signed when they witnessed the will Probate Lawyers In UtahWhen you need legal help with probate in Utah, please call Ascent Law LLC for your free consultation (801) 676-5506. We want to help you.
Ascent Law LLC
8833 S. Redwood Road, Suite C West Jordan, Utah 84088 United States Telephone: (801) 676-5506
Ascent Law LLC
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Why Moving Out Is The Biggest Mistake In Divorce What Is An Exempt Offering Document? Ascent Law St. George Utah OfficeAscent Law Ogden Utah Officevia Michael Anderson https://www.ascentlawfirm.com/utah-uniform-probate-code-forms/ |
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